Types of metals and their properties pdf file

Metals and their properties physical and chemical csun. The familiar types of metals are iron, aluminium, copper, lead, zinc, silver, gold, etc. Some elements appear in both metallic and nonmetallic forms. Think of some uses of metals and non metals in your daily life. Ferrous metals composition, properties and uses of some common ferrous metals name composition properties and characteristics principal uses cast iron alloy of iron and 25% carbon, % silicon and traces of magnesium, sulphur and phosphorus. Non metals, based on their physical and chemical properties. For a more indepth presentation about the properties and uses of metal, refer to steelworker advanced. Metals have many properties, such as strength, toughness, and stiffness. These metals can be used to buildmanufacture an equally large range of items.

The best documents to assist you in this process are astmf567. The metals and non metals differ in their properties. Metals are generally not used in their pure state but as mixtures of metals or metal and non metal constituents commonly referred to as alloys. On the basis of their general properties, elements are often divided into two classesmetals and nonmetals. Chemical content identification factors and composition standards p. Malleability measures the ease of a material to be bent, stretched, tooled or formed. Open access free for readers, with article processing charges. For example, if the hardness of a metal is increased, the. A file is a tool used to remove fine amounts of material from a workpiece. Pdf metal alloy nonferrous metal ferrous metal find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Nonmetals, based on their physical and chemical properties.

Of these, 24 are nonmetals and the rest are metals. Metal hydroxide changes red litmus blue which shows its basic characteristics. Aluminium is highly reactive and you cannot find pure aluminium in the same way you can find pure gold or copper, so it was once considered a rare precious. Different types of steel are produced according to the properties required for their application, and various grading systems are used to distinguish steels based on these properties. Ductility is the extent to which a material can be drawn out or deformed without breaking. As the name indicates these are the metal combination of iron with carbon. What properties did you think of while categorising elements as metals or non metals. It has excellent machinability and responds well to polishing operations. The to external forces are mechanical properties are directly related to each other. If there are signs of oxidation, remove it via scraping to reveal the color of the unoxidized surface. This includes the elements of the third to seventh main groups of the periodic table, but excludes the rare gases the eighth main group.

The two most common types of magnetism are diamagnetism and paramagnetism, which account for the magnetic properties of most of the. Different metals and their properties metals are some of the most widely used materials on the planet, as well as being one of the most extracted. Units of strain are inin for us customary and mm for s. Since the discovery of gold an estimated 5,000 years ago, metals have played an integral part in the lives of human beings. They include the other metallic elements and their alloys. The metals share several common properties, including. To accomplish these tasks proficiently, one must possess a sound working knowledge of various metals and their properties. The non metals have the opposite properties to metals they are usually powders or gases, do not conduct well and, if solids, are brittle. Since it has various varieties and large scale use, it is categorized as ferrous. Metal types and properties there are 2 main families of metals. Elastic deformation e is youngs modulusor modulus of elasticity, has the same units as. Metals are minerals like iron or lead that are found underground in rocks. Ferrous metals include all forms of iron and ironbase alloys, with small percentages of. Text headings in each module are linked to and f\ rom the table of contents for that module.

The metals consist of the alkali metals, alkaline earths, transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. Ferrous metals contain iron while nonferrous metals do not. The portuguese society of materials spm, and the spanish materials society sociemat are affiliated with metals and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. A pure metal is an element eg iron, copper, gold unalloyed not mixed with another substance. Steel can be broadly categorized into four groups based on their chemical compositions.

Metals are composed not of complete atoms, but of cations, atoms that have lost their outer electrons. Think of some uses of metals and nonmetals in your daily life. Metals are element substances which readily give up. When a metal ore is an ionic compound of that metal and a nonmetal, the ore must usually be smeltedheated with a reducing agentto extract the pure metal. Chapter outline mechanical properties of metals how do metals. We generally look for a metal when we need a strong material. A define and describe constituents, properties and processing of steels 16. Sep 03, 2014 most elements can be considered metals. The other end of these dissimilar metals is referred to as the cold end or cold junction. Ferrous metals composition, properties and uses of some. The nonmetals have the opposite properties to metals they are usually powders or gases, do not conduct well and, if solids, are brittle. Unlike ionic solids, where the electrons become transferred to another atom, in the case of metals the electrons hang about and form a sea or cloud of electrons surrounding the ions. All the elements are broadly divided into metals and nonmetals according to their properties.

They are grouped together in the middle to the lefthand side of the periodic table. Chapter 1 introduction to types and identification of metal. The most common way to classify springs is by how load is applied to them. Properties of metals the internal reactions of a metal known as mechanical properties. Based on properties, metals can be differentiated as. Mechanical properties of metals include ductility, i. Common by products of their respiratory process include carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, organic and in organcids. You have seen that elements can be classified as metals or nonmetals on the basis of their properties. Heat treatment quenching, hardening, and other thermal modifications p. Types of metals name of metal characteristics positives negatives common uses steel most common metal used, made mostly from iron, very strong, does not bend easily, dark gray color massproduced because it can be made cheaply, very strong oxidizes with exposure to water rusts if left unprotected skyscrapers, bulldozers. In the present, their role in the engineering industries can be easily described as most dominating. Other materials exhibit stressstrain curves considerably different from carbonsteel although still highly nonlinear.

Typical reactions for chain assembling are polyaddition continuous or step wise and condensation polymerization polycondensation 1 figure 1. Common alloying elements for steel include manganese, vanadium, chromium, nickel, and tungsten. As a result of these properties, humans can shape metals into pretty much any shape they want or require. Each of these elements will modify the metal s properties in different ways. Metals are element substances which readily give up electrons to form metallic bonds and conduct. Describe the different types of nonferrous metals and alloys. As main materials are the pure metals used only for special purposes titanium implants, because the properties of the elementary metal are usually not suitable for the needs of clinical practice.

Metals and nonmetals chapter3 i n class ix you have learnt about various elements. This chapter will present an introductory explanation of the basic types of metal and provide initial instruction on using simple tests to establish their identity. Alloy steels derive their properties primarily from the presence of some alloying. These elements were classified by lavoisier in to metals and nonmetals by studying their properties. All the elements are broadly divided into metals and non metals according to their properties. Ferrous and nonferrous ferrous metals are magnetic rust when they get wet contain iron examples. The methods used depend on the metal and their contaminants.

Different metals and their properties morecambe metals. As we learnt in chapter 4, metals have certain properties. Check out our file identification chart to learn more. We all know, almost instinctively, what consitutes a metal and what doesnt, and those who dimly. Pure iron has limited commercial use, but when alloyed with carbon. As we learn their different properties and characteristics, we can then select the right type of metal and use the proper method to complete the job.

The cold junction is actually formed at the last point of thermocouple material positive leg. Engineering handbook steelmaking basic descriptions of making carbon, alloy, stainless, and tool steel p. Introduction to materials science, chapter 6, mechanical properties of metals university of tennessee, dept. It is durable and lightweight, and is a very important metal for making planes out of. Many common metals, such as iron, are smelted using carbon as a reducing agent. The subcourse provides descriptions of the processes for identifying the physical and mechanical properties, categories of various metals, and the processes for using the hardness tester, chemical analysis. It may be heat treated to produce a strong, tough core and high case hardness. Heat treatment of metals general purpose this chapter contains basic information pertaining to properties and identification of metal and heattreating procedures used for metals. Chapter 2 definition of heavy metals and their role in. Pure metallic elements are not frequently used in stomatology. You have seen that elements can be classified as metals or non metals on the basis of their properties. Iron fe is the principal element of ferrous metals.

It is common in woodworking, metalworking, and other similar trade and hobby tasks. The ferrous metals includes all the types of iron, steel, and their alloys. Introduction to materials science chapter 6, mechanical properties 18 typical mechanical properties of metals the yield strength and tensile strength vary with prior thermal and mechanical treatment, impurity levels, etc. Optical properties are luster, color, light transmission, and light reflection. The metals and nonmetals differ in their properties. Jan 16, 2012 the lowly hand file has been the tool of choice to smooth, hone, clean and deburr all kinds of material since the stone age. May 10, 2005 if metals werent malleable and ductile, they would be useless. Classification of magnetic materials all materials can be classified in terms of their magnetic behaviour falling into one of five categories depending on their bulk magnetic susceptibility. For more specific information on metal and heattreating techniques, refer to tm 430106. The physical properties of metals are probably already familiar shiny when freshly cut, conduct heat and electricity well, malleable and ductile. In addition, the stressstrain curve for more brittle. Have luster shiny are conductors heat and electricity move through them easily malleable can be hammered into a different shape ductile can be drawn into a wire high density heavy for their size metals are solid, except for mercury. Testing the hardness of metals types and comparisons. The familiar types of metals are iron, aluminium, copper, lead.

Information regarding differences of steel grades and their properties came from. Thereforeica, to maintain the integrity of oil pipeline installation, engineering practice is to continually carryout inspection, examination and testing of the pipelines. Ferrous metals are those which contain iron as their main constituent or base metal. Both ferrous and nonferrous metals are divided into pure metals and alloys.

When heated, metals can be shaped into anything from a tiny paperclip to a huge aircraft. The modules listed in the overview are linked to the corresponding pages. Aluminium, also spelt aluminum, is the most common metal in the world, and the third most common element after oxygen and silicon. They have properties that satisfy a wide variety of design requirements. Metals, their properties and reactivity a beginners guide. Metal classification all metals may be classified as ferrous or nonferrous. Iron, mild steel nonferrous metals are not magnetic dont rust but can oxidise examples. What properties did you think of while categorising elements as metals or nonmetals. Each metal that is extracted has different properties, and it is important to understand these so that you know if you are using that type of metal in the right application and so that you know.

Thermal properties are characteristics such as expansion, contraction, thermal conductivity, and specific heat. A thermocouple is a type of temperature sensor, which is made by joining two dissimilar metals at one end. This changes the properties and essentially makes the metal customizable. The handbook includes information on the structure and properties of metals, stress mechanisms in metals, failure modes, and the characteristics of metals that are commonly used in doe nuclear facilities. Jan 27, 2019 different types of steel are produced according to the properties required for their application, and various grading systems are used to distinguish steels based on these properties. In this chapter we will discuss mechanical properties of metals. Environmental impacts of corrosion on the physical. Metals and non metals chapter3 i n class ix you have learnt about various elements. Metals and their properties physical and chemical all the things around us are made of 100 or so elements. Study the properties of the materials below, you may find that they are useful for your project. Chapter 1 properties and uses of metal seabee magazine.

Metals in general have high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and high density. These elements were classified by lavoisier in to metals and non metals by studying their properties. This portable document format \ pdf \ file contains bookmarks, thumbnails, and hyperlinks to help you navigate through the document. Objectives when you have completed this chapter, you will be able to do the following. Metals are typically malleable they can be hammered into thin sheets or ductile can be drawn into wires. Scraping aids in the identification of copper, magnesium, and lead. Chapter outline mechanical properties of metals how do. It can differentiate precious metals, magnesium, aluminum, brass, and copper. Most are hand tools, made of a case hardened steel bar of rectangular, square, triangular, or round crosssection, with one or more surfaces cut with sharp, generally parallel teeth. Physical properties relate to the dimensions, shape, specific gravity, and weight of the metal. This includes the elements of the third to seventh main groups of the periodic table, but. This is an extremely common type of metal because its generally still very cheap to make.